Researched from the sources below. This is not a hands-on road test.
Count a year, then divide
A monthly payment is one line in a larger budget. Begin with annual distance, energy, insurance, routine servicing, tyres, registration and parking. Add financing separately, using the actual agreement rather than an advertised example.
For petrol, annual fuel spend equals kilometres divided by 100, multiplied by litres per 100 kilometres, multiplied by the price per litre. For electricity, replace litres with kWh. These are arithmetic planning formulas, not market forecasts.
Use three scenarios
Make a baseline, a lower-use case and an uncomfortable year. Change your distance, fuel or electricity price and repair reserve. If one modest change makes the car unaffordable, revisit the purchase budget before falling in love with the options list.
Tyres and insurance deserve quotes for the exact variant. A performance badge can bring different wheel sizes and replacement requirements. Ask a local workshop for a sensible first-year maintenance plan.
Keep cash flow and value separate
Depreciation is a change in asset value; a monthly loan payment is cash leaving your account. Mixing them without a clear method can double-count costs. Carioo’s basic planner keeps energy, maintenance and insurance visible and lets you add your own assumptions.
Save the inputs alongside the result. Revisit them after three months with actual receipts. The most useful number is one you can explain, update and compare on the same basis.